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Thread: Any Biology Majors On Here?

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    God/dess Bella21's Avatar
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    Sad Any Biology Majors On Here?

    OH CRAP! I'm at the school library and this guy just caught the title of the site right before I scrolled it down. Oooohhh!

    Okay, the reason I braved this site in the library... Um, I need to do a summary on THIS article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/d....cgi?id=188400

    I'm stuck on the first sentance! My teacher is such a slacker! She didn't teach us anything all semester and THIS is the final. I need to basically say, here's the disease, here's the symptoms, here's what they found out about it (genetically). All the diseases I wanted were taken, so I took my mom's advice about this one... Crap. Can anyone on here translate that first section for me? PLEASE!!!!!!! I will love you forever and ever!!!
    If you think school is hard, try being stupid.

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    Default Re: Any Biology Majors On Here?

    Haha!! This is karma from bragging about all your easy classes this semester!

    Just kidding. I love you!! I'll ask my bio-friend for you.

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    Default Re: Any Biology Majors On Here?

    Hypoplasia is an incomplete or arrested development of the thymus which is an organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity.

    The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck, usually located behind the thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone. In rare cases the parathyroid glands are located within the thyroid glands. Most often there are four parathyroid glands but some people have six or even eight.

    Wikipedia that shit, girl!

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    Default Re: Any Biology Majors On Here?

    the bold words at top are just keywords for the article.

    DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) comprises hypocalcemia (low calcium) arising from parathyroid hypoplasia (as prev. post states, incomplete parathyroid gland), thymic hypoplasia, and outflow tract defects of the heart (something wrong with arteries leaving heart).

    i doubt you learn this in a general biology class.
    Last edited by space_Cadet_28; 12-01-2006 at 07:01 PM. Reason: itaslic

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    Default Re: Any Biology Majors On Here?

    Do you have to use that article?? I'm in 4th year biology, and that article is just unnecessarily academic for your purposes. Or mine, for that matter. If it were me, I'd just use a friendlier article. It's not you, it's the fact that the article wasn't written for a student.

    Feature costumes for sale!

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    Default Re: Any Biology Majors On Here?

    digeorge syndrome is specifically what the author is writing about but cross references and compares to other similar/overlapping pathologies. Sounds like the migration in neural crest cells presents some sort of physical facial deformity among the other problems listed such as heart abnormalities, immunodeficiencies, I think they were suggesting psychiatric problems as well. There's a wide variation in phenotype. Looks like more than one specific allele deletion. They suggest environmental factors, fetal alcohol syndrome, genetic predisposition here's an interesting one that really popped out to me: exposure (I'm assuming in the womb) to teratogen isotretinoin (vitamin A) aka ACCUTANE.

    The article appears to suggest use the label Takao Syndrome when mostly heart defects/abnormalities are present, Shprintzen syndrome when mostly facial deformities and cleft palate are present, and DiGeorge when mostly immunodefficiencies and hypocalcemia are present. These 3 different phenotypes almost always have the same specific deletion: 22q11 hence somebody coins the acronym catch22. The article references debate as to why the DiGeorge syndrome should not be lumped in with catch22 and why it should. The article also says that MOST cases of DiGeorge have the 22q11 deletion but a small number of cases have defects in other chromosomes.

    Velocardiofacial = cleft, heart, face.

    the acronym CATCH22 is broken down as follows:

    Cardiac Abnormality/abnormal facies (basically the face)
    T cell defict due to thymic hypoplasia (immunodeficiencies resulting from 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches failing to develop normally and affecting the development of thymus, parathyroids, aortic arch, ears and lips.
    Cleft palate
    Hypocalcemia (low calcium) due to hypoparathyroidism (too little parathyroid homone being release) as a result of the 22q11 deletion

    The Clinical Features portion describes specific characteristics of those exhibiting DiGeorge (and Takao and Shprintzen) and details 11 specific clinical case studies.

    the 22q11 deletion is inherited but not everybody develops DiGeorge syndrome, characteristics of the other syndromes can seen. I'm not clear if the deletion itself is reason to definately expect developing problems or abnormalities.

    I recommend you google "neural crest" to get an idea of how important it is to a developing embryo and the sort of structures it gives rise to. That will help explain how abnormal neural crest cell migration (described in your article) can yield the exact deformities and pathologies that are discussed in the article.

    This shit (meant ever so endearingly of course) is straight up neurobiology/human physiology. Do you need to use the proper terminology or is it just a general review? How long does it need to be? What class is this for?
    Last edited by LoveSexMoney; 12-02-2006 at 01:50 PM.


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    God/dess Bella21's Avatar
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    Default Re: Any Biology Majors On Here?

    Hardkandee... SHOOSH! It IS an easy class. She doesn't know what she's doing. It's an upperdivision class... But it's general ed kinda stuff... NO one else understands their article, either. It's supposed to be a general review and only one page long (I basically have a page already). Thanks for your help! LSM, I'm going to steal a bit of what you said and stick it in.
    If you think school is hard, try being stupid.

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